Happy Holidays from Miller Energy
Happy Holidays from everyone at Miller Energy. We hope 2019 is a great year for you!
ASCO Express Product Catalog
Download your copy of the ASCO Express Product Catalog here.
Contact Miller Energy for all your ASCO solenoid valve requirements.
908-755-6700
Water and Wastewater Treatment Applications for the Magnetrol R82 Pulse Burst Radar Transmitters
The Magnetrol R82 Pulse Burst Radar transmitter performs across a wide range of applications. The R82 is designed to provide radar reliable process measurement in challenging, vapor saturated environments, at the cost of what you pay for an ultrasonic device. For water treatment, the Magnetrol R82 Pulse Burst Radar transmitter provides continuous level measurement at the lift station and coagulant feed tanks, in settling tanks during clarification, in polymer, filter, and lime slurry tanks during filtration, and for open atmosphere water reservoirs where the control technology must withstand punishing weather conditions. In wastewater facilities, the R82 radar can control level at the lift station pump, open channel flow and screening system, monitor feed tanks containing chemical coagulants oxidants and phosphorous precipitation, measure splitter box in clarifier levels, control corrosion inhibitors, manage pH adjustment, mixed liquor and secondary clarifier levels, as well as activated sludge and digester level control.
Miller Energy, Inc.
https://millerenergy.com
Brooks Instrument Sponsoring $2000 Engineering Scholarship
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| CLICK THIS LINK TO LEARN MORE |
Brooks Instrument is committed to the next generation of engineers. Accordingly, they have established a $2,000 scholarship for a qualified student enrolled in an engineering program at an accredited college or university. Learn more here (https://www.brooksinstrument.com/en/about-us/scholarship).
Miller Energy Inc. Announces Acquisition of Fox & Dole Technical Sales
Miller Energy is pleased to announce the acquisition of Fox & Dole Technical Sales as of November 1, 2018.
Founded in 1974, Fox & Dole is a leading distributor of process instrumentation and controls serving Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Ohio. With over 100 years of combined experience, the merger of our two companies will offer our customers the most technical customer support and application expertise in the industry, an unparalleled product portfolio, and a continued commitment to outstanding customer service.
For more information, visit the news section of the Miller Energy web site.
Temperature Switches
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| Temperature switch (United Electric Controls) |
A temperature switch detects the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use bimetallic strips as the temperature-sensing element, the motion of which actuates one or more switch contacts. An alternative design uses a metal bulb filled with a fluid that expands with temperature, causing the switch mechanism to actuate based on the pressure this fluid exerts against a diaphragm or bellows. This latter temperature switch design is really a pressure switch, whose pressure is a direct function of process temperature by virtue of the physics of the entrapped fluid inside the sensing bulb.
The “normal” status of a switch is the resting condition of no stimulation. A temperature switch will be in its “normal” status when it senses minimum temperature (i.e. cold, in some cases a condition colder than ambient). For a temperature switch, “normal” status is any sensed temperature below the trip threshold of the switch.
Like all other process switches, temperature switches exhibit a certain amount of deadband in their switching action. A temperature switch that trips at 300 F rising, for example, will not reset at 300 F falling. That switch would more likely reset at some lower temperature such as 295 F. With mechanical switch designs, some amount of deadband is inevitable due to friction inside the mechanism. However, process switch deadband is actually a useful characteristic as it helps avoid repeated “nuisance” alarms from happening.
To understand this concept, it is helpful to imagine a scenario where the process variable is at or very near the trip point. For our hypothetical temperature switch with a trip point of 300 F (rising), imagine a situation where the process temperature is precisely 300.0 F. Any further rise in temperature will of course trip the switch (sounding an alarm). With no deadband, however, the switch will immediately re-set when the temperature falls back down to 300.0 F. This means the switch may possibly “cycle” back and forth between its trip and reset states with just a minute change in process temperature (300.0 F to 300.1 F and back again). If the temperature switch is activating an alarm every time it trips, it will create a series of alarm events prompting operators to repeatedly acknowledge the alarm. This is a nuisance to operations personnel, as it distracts them from addressing what they already realize is a process problem. It is better for the switch to trip at 300.0 F rising and remain in that tripped state until the temperature falls down to some degree substantially below the trip point. This way, the operators only receive one alarm event rather than multiple alarm events for each process temperature excursion.
Some mechanical temperature switches come equipped with a separate adjustment for deadband (also called differential). Setting this deadband adjustment in a mechanical temperature switch requires the technician to repeatedly subject the sensing element to a rising and falling temperature, to check that the switch trips at the proper setting and resets at the proper setting. This is analogous to cycling the process variable back and forth when adjusting the “zero” and “span” settings of an analog transmitter: checking to see that the transmitter repeatedly outputs a 0% signal at the lower range value (LRV) and a 100% signal at the upper range value (URV).
For discrete temperature-sensing applications demanding high accuracy and repeatability, electronic temperature switch circuits using thermocouples, RTDs, or thermistors may be used instead of a mechanical (bi-metallic or filled bulb) sensing element. The operation and configuration of discrete electronic temperature switches is very similar to that of continuous electronic temperature transmitters.
An example of an electronic temperature switch module is the United Electric One Series shown below:
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| UE Series One Electronic Temperature Switch |
With electronic temperature switches, the adjustment of deadband (differential) is both precise and flexible. Unlike mechanical switches where deadband is primarily a function of friction, and therefore liable to change over time as the device wears, electronic switching circuits may be precisely set for any trip and reset points along its measurement range, remaining very stable over time.
For more information about temperature switches, contact Miller Energy by visiting https://millerenergy.com or by calling 908-755-6700.
Text adapted from "Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation" by Tony R. Kuphaldt – under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License.
How Do Pilot Operated Tank Relief Valves Work?
Storage tanks become pressurized when liquid is pumped in and compresses the existing tank vapor. Tanks also become pressurized due to increasing ambient temperatures, which cause the tank vapor to expand. To mitigate damage from these expanding tank vapors, pressure relief valves are installed on tanks to prevent structural damage resulting from over-pressure.
Here is an excellent animation, courtesy of Cashco, that shows how a pilot operated relief vent protects a storage tank from over pressurizing during a pump-in situation or during thermal heating conditions.
For more information on tank relief valves, contact Miller Energy at www.millerenergy.com or by calling 908-755-6700.
Here is an excellent animation, courtesy of Cashco, that shows how a pilot operated relief vent protects a storage tank from over pressurizing during a pump-in situation or during thermal heating conditions.
For more information on tank relief valves, contact Miller Energy at www.millerenergy.com or by calling 908-755-6700.
Common Instrumentation Requirements for Industrial Boilers
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| Typical boiler instrumentation layout. (courtesy of Yokogawa) |
In order to ensure the air and fuel are combusted at an optimal ratio, the waste of fuel is eliminated, and the exhaust gas is cleaned, real-time monitoring of the oxygen concentration of combustion gases is required. Equipped with an oxygen sensor unit with a longer life span, the Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer ZR series are capable of measuring an oxygen concentration with high reliability. The Stack Gas Analyzer monitors exhaust gas components such as NOX, SO2, and CO2 in order to ensure low emission operation.
A single-loop controller can be used to properly distribute control functionality. Offering the advantages of flexibility of building distributed control systems, simple maintenance, compatibility with conventional systems, and the like, the YS1000 Series of Single-loop Controllers are ideal for safe and stable operation at low costs.
In order to ensure highly efficient and safely operated boilers, it is also indispensable to accurately monitor the drum level and steam flow rate. The EJA and EJX Series of Differential Pressure Transmitters are capable of measuring the drum level with high stability even in actual applications at high temperatures and high pressures. The DY Series MV TYPE of Vortex Flowmeters with a simple construction employ a built-in sensor to measure the steam mass flow with high reliability.
Yokogawa offers a wide variety of sensors and controllers that are used to monitor and operate boilers, and contributes to increasing the efficiency and environmental performance of boilers, as well as ensuring their safe and stable operation.
Recommended Products for Boiler Applications
- Drum Level Measurement - EJA/EJX transmitters
- Combustion Control - The YS1000 Dual CPU Loop Controller
- Steam Flow Measurement - Digital YEWFLO MV Type
- Combustion Monitoring - Zirconia Oxygen Analyzers and AV550G Multi Oxygen Sensor Converter
For more information in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Metro New York or Delaware contact:
Miller Energy by visiting https://millerenergy.com or by calling 908-755-6700 in New Jersey, or 610-363-6200 in Pennsylvania.
Detailed Look at the Yokogawa YS100 Series as a Replacement for the Obsolete Siemens 353
This video is a thorough presentation detailing why and how the Yokogawa YS1000 Series is the best replacement for the obsolete Siemens/Moore 353 controller. It is composed of a series of presentation slides - hit the pause button to focus on any single slide.
New Jersey: 908-755-6700
Pennsylvania: 610-363-6200
Breakthrough Solenoid Valve Technology for Upstream Oil and Gas Heating Equipment
A white paper courtesy of ASCO Division of Emerson Automation
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| Fuel shutoff valves (ASCO) |
For valve manufacturers, these uses present a relatively specialized, rather challenging application. Environmental conditions at the point of use are often difficult. Ideally, valves should deliver reliable operation despite constraints on factors ranging from power consumption to service availability. Conversely, outdated controls can pose problems — including poor performance, noncompliance with current regulations, and triggering of environmental concerns.
In recent years, a new generation of solenoid valve technology has been changing the shutoff valve game. Their modern designs provide pipeline and tank heating systems with robust, durable performance; safety; and regulatory compliance — all while increasing efficiency and productivity.
Download the PDF version of "Breakthrough Solenoid Valve Technology for Upstream Oil and Gas Heating Equipment" here, or review it in the embedded document below.
Miller Energy, Inc.
https://millerenergy.com
New Jersey: 908-755-6700
Pennsylvania: 610-363-6200
An Excellent Replacement for the Discontinued Siemens 353 SLC
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| The Yokogawa YS1700 is a great replacement to the discontinued Siemens 353 SLC controller. |
The discontinuation of the Siemens 353 SLC controller is a concern to many users of this popular controller. With few alternatives, customers are joking that they'll have to turn to eBay for spare parts. There's a much better solution though. The Yokogawa YS1700 PID loop controller, a drop-in replacement for the Siemens 353 SLC.
The Yokogawa YS1000 Series is the ideal choice for many control applications offering extreme reliability and sophisticated control. This product family has bright, easy-to-read displays, multiple I/O points, and powerful loop tuning. For critical applications, the YS1700 employs dual CPUs for maximum reliability and hard-manual control for added protection. The YS1700’s powerful function block programming allows for custom strategies to control many demanding processes such as boilers and steam generators, PH control, dosing control, and many other demanding plant processes.
To learn more about replacing the Siemens 353 with a Yokogawa YS1700, visit this page or go directly to this link https://millerenergy.com/Siemens-353-Replacement.
How to Select a Pressure Switch
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| UEC One Series Switch Transmitter Hybrid |
Reprinted with permission from United Electric Controls
Pressure switches are widely used by many industries and within many applications. The basic function of a pressure switch is to detect a pressure change and convert it into an electrical signal function – typically on/off or off/on. Pressure switches may be of electro-mechanical or electronic/solid-state design (see our ONE Series); and while each may have its advantages, arriving at the correct pressure switch for your application is the same.
Set Point & Deadband
Application set point (sp) is the desired value reached at rising or falling pressure at which the micro-switch changes electrical states. Depending upon the pressure switch function, the micro-switch could be wired to open (turn something OFF) or close (turn something ON) when set point is achieved, thereby triggering an event such as an alarm, equipment shutdown, or powering up secondary equipment. Ideally, the set point should fall into the mid 50% of the pressure switch range for best performance including repeatability and long life. On an electro-mechanical pressure switch, set point may be adjusted internally or externally either through blind adjustment or reference dial. An electronic pressure switch would have internal or external adjustment via a key pad and digital display or a handheld programmer.
Deadband (DB) is the on-off differential required to reset the micro-switch. This value may be fixed or adjustable with an electro-mechanical switch and may be up to 100% adjustable on an electronic switch.
Deadband may be an important factor to consider depending upon the application requirements.
System Pressure
Knowing your normal and maximum system pressures will help in selecting a pressure switch with appropriate minimum and maximum operating parameters. Once your set point is established, other factors to consider are vacuum and/or surge pressure that could affect switch operation. This would involve maximum working pressure, over range pressure, and proof pressure specifications of a pressure switch. The relationship between set point and system pressure has a direct effect on switch performance and life.
Electrical Considerations
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| UEC 100 Series Pressure Switch |
An electronic pressure switch would use solid-state relays to change states. Like an electro-mechanical switch, the electronic switch can be programmed to open or close on rising or falling pressure. There are different capacities for switching voltage and current depending upon the application requirements.
Process Media and Wetted Parts
The pressure connection and sensor are known as wetted parts since they come into direct contact with the process media. Sensor material is either elastomer (i.e. Buna-N, Teflon®) or metallic (i.e. Brass, Stainless Steel) with metallic or composite pressure connections. The process media must be compatible with the wetted parts material. Process media temperature should also be considered as each of the different wetted materials would have differing operating properties.
Pressure Switch Mounting
If the unit is to be installed directly onto the process, there are many methods of installation.
Typically a 1/8”, 1/4”, or 1/2” NPT (national pipe thread taper) connection is used with a mating
fitting to secure the pressure switch to the process. There are also straight threaded (SAE, BSPT)
connections, flush mount connections, and sanitary connections. The pressure switch may be
mounted directly in the process line using the threaded connection, a manifold, or flange; or the
enclosure could be bolted to a mounting plate or other plane to secure it. If heavy vibration is
present, you may choose to use a remote diaphragm seal with the pressure switch. The diaphragm
seal mates with the process connection while the pressure switch enclosure is mounted securely
away from the vibration.
Process Environment
It is important to know what type of environment the pressure switch would be installed in – hazardous or ordinary location; indoors or outdoors; exposed to salt air; inside a control panel; in high ambient temperature. These are just some of the factors to consider so the right enclosure type is chosen. Enclosure types come in many shapes, sizes, and materials. They also conform to various industry and third-party approval standards. Electronic switches can be used to replace electro-mechanical switches when SIL is needed for safety applications. There are also electro-mechanical pressure switches without enclosures; typically used in OEM, non-hazardous locations where the environment is benign.
With careful consideration of all the factors listed above, choosing a pressure switch is a snap. If you are at all unsure, please contact your local United Electric Distributor or visit the UE Product Selector to find your pressure switch.
Miller Energy, Inc. - Expertly Serving These Industries in the Mid-Atlantic Region
Miller Energy is a Manufacturer's Representative and Distributor of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control Equipment with offices in South Plainfield, NJ and Exton, PA. In business since Since 1958, Miller's success is attributable to their commitment to exceeding their customers expectations and a comprehensive line of "best-of-breed" measurement, control, and communication products. With a strong reputation for unparalleled customer service and expert local technical support, Miller Energy continues to demonstrate strong growth in the Mid-Atlantic region.
https://millerenergy.com
908-755-6700 NJ
610-363-6200 PA
https://millerenergy.com
908-755-6700 NJ
610-363-6200 PA
Radiometric, Non-contact Level Measurement for Liquids or Solids
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| Radiometric level detection (RONAN) |
These level gauges meet “As-Low-As-Reasonably-Achievable” (ALARA) guidelines. Source activity is customized depending on vessel and process parameters such as diameter, wall thickness, material, and measurement span to ensure optimum sensitivity, economy and safety while keeping the source activity to a minimum.
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| Sources and Detector Mounted External to Vessel |
Operation
Radiometric level measurement provides a safe and efficient, non-contact method to measure liquids or solids in harsh process environments. Each system consists of a gamma source, detector and microprocessor.
- The gamma source, typically mounted external to the vessel emits energy through the vessel walls collimated in a direction towards the detector mounted on the opposite side of the vessel. The gamma energy reaches the detector when the vessel is empty. As the process level rises in the vessel, the gamma energy reaching the detector will decrease in an inversely proportional relationship to the level.
- The detector measures the level of energy and sends a proportional signal to the microprocessor.
- The microprocessor linearizes, filters, and correlates this signal to a level measurement.
The entire system is mounted external to the vessel and can be easily installed and maintained while the process is running ... without expensive down time, vessel modifications or chance of accidental release.
Applications
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| Low Level Source and Detector Mounted External to Vessel |
- Radiometric level detection
- Low Level Source and Detector
- Mounted External to Vessel
- Solids or Liquid Measurement
- Measurement Not Affected by:
- Internal Obstructions. i.e. Agitators Extreme Process Temperatures
- Caustic Processes
- Violent Product Flow
- Sterile Process
- Changing Process
- Variable Product Flow
- Automatic Compensation for Vapor Density Changes
- Automatic Compensation for Foam or Gasses
- Automatic Compensation for Process Build-Up
- Detectors Contoured to the Shape of Vessels
- Upgrade Utilizing Existing Sources
- Accurately Measures the Most Complex Processes
- Solid Crystal or Flexible Scintillating Fill- Fluid
- Excellent Measurement Reliability due to Proprietary Filtering Technology
- Level Detection of Multiple Interfaces
- Low Maintenance / No Component Wear
- Auto-Calibration
For more information in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Metro New York or Delaware contact:
Miller Energy by visiting https://millerenergy.com or by calling 908-755-6700 in New Jersey, or 610-363-6200 in Pennsylvania.
Yokogawa Users Conference 2018
- Sept. 10-13, 2018
- Renaissance Orlando at Seaworld, Florida
Register here: https://www.yokogawausersconference.com
Attendees experience unique and exciting opportunities to learn more about Yokogawa's solutions and how they can be applied to achieve safe, reliable, and profitable operations.
- Network: Develop a knowledge-sharing session within a diverse network of users and mingle with industry peers
- Discover: Gain insights into the latest industry practices and trends from the visionary leaders across prestigious major international and national companies
- Innovate: Learn more about new products, innovations, and user experiences on how they maximize profit potential and improve their plant process while dealing with complex problems
Happy 4th of July from Miller Energy!
“America is another name for opportunity. Our whole history appears like a last effort of divine providence on behalf of the human race.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Industrial Refractometers Used in Process Control
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| Refractometer for pharmaceutical use (K-Patents). |
Process refractometers provide the analysis to quickly, reliably, and very accurately identify a sample and determine it's concentration and purity levels. They measure the refractive index and temperature of flowing liquids, and apply mathematical functions to determine the concentration of dissolved solids.
Common industrial refractometer applications are:
- Calculating beverages’ amount of sugar dissolved is water.
- In commercial food applications such as juice production or tomato processing, refractometers are used to measure degrees Brix (Tthe Brix scale relates refractive index to sugar concentration, and is a key way to maintain consistency).
- In the pharmaceutical industry, process refractometers are used to monitor and control concentration levels during supersaturation, a critical process in crystallization.
- In pulp and paper production, process refractometers for measuring dissolved solids in black and green liquor during the chemical recovery process.
For more information on industrial refractometers, contact Miller Energy by visiting https://millerenergy.com or by calling 908-755-6700 in New Jersey or 610-363-6200 in Pennsylvania.
Laboratory Flame Testing of Industrial Pressure Gauges: Wika vs. Competitor
Laboratory flame testing of industrial pressure gauges. Manufacturer Wika versus a competitor. The test is structured in (3) stages: a 10 second burn, a 30 second burn, and then a one minute burn. The Wika gauge maintains its reading, does not melt, and does not continue to burn.
https://millerenergy.com
New Jersey 908-755-6700
Pennsylvania 610-363-6200
https://millerenergy.com
New Jersey 908-755-6700
Pennsylvania 610-363-6200
Flow & Pressure Instrumentation for Biopharmaceuticals & Life Sciences
Producing biopharmaceuticals is one of the world’s most demanding manufacturing processes.Brooks Instrument’s mass flow and pressure control technology helps maximize cell culture yields and control bioprocess costs. Their flow
and pressure controllers set global standards for reliability, repeatability and long-term stability.
Brooks Instrument mass flow controllers (MFCs) satisfy key biotechnology research and production requirements:
- Tight control of DO and pH during experiments and production
- NO unplanned downtime due to high cost of losing a batch or experiment
- Ability to rapidly diagnose and resolve issues with bioreactors or fermentation equipment
- Cost-effective method for adhering to regulatory requirements
- Excellent technical support and rapid response for equipment service
To read the entire Flow & Pressure Instrumentation for Biopharmaceuticals & Life Sciences guide from Brooks Instrument, download it here. Alternatively, browse the embedded document below.
What Advantages Do Displacer Transmitters Have Over Differential Pressure Level Transmitters?
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| Displacer Transmitter (Magnetrol) |
An example of a "tried and true" technology that was commonly used in the process automation industry is the DP (differential pressure) level transmitter. First introduced in the 1950s, DP transmitters measures the hydrostatic (head) pressure of a liquid in a tank or vessel and interprets this as level, based on the density/specific gravity of the liquid and programmed in by the user. A newer, alternative technology to DP transmitters is the displacer level transmitter, a device also based on specific gravity. While they both are dependent on specific gravity, they are significantly different in areas of installation, accuracy, and maintenance requirement.
Application/Calibration
Applying a DP transmitter or displacer level transmitter requires experience and there are many factors to be considered. Here are a few:
DP transmitters use inferential measurement to determine level measurement from the hydrostatic pressure. Despite requiring the specific gravity variable having to be programmed into the transmitter electronics, the level displacer transmitter is in contact with the process media and the level measurement is direct.
DP transmitters requires time consuming and expensive calibration/re-calibration if any of the set-up parameters change or if the same DP transmitter is used on different materials in the same tank.
Displacer transmitters only require two variables to be programmed (temperature and specific gravity), making it easier when running multiple products in the same tank.
Many displacer transmitters do not require liquid to be present for calibration. They are programmed (wet or dry) using software. A huge time and money saving over DP transmitters.
Mounting
The physical mounting of DP transmitters is limited, which can in some situations can become downright problematic. DP transmitters require (2) side-mounted entry locations on the vessel or tank, with one having to be near the bottom. As a general rule, the fewer the entry points of a tank or vessel, the better, because of leakage. Tank bottom entries all the more so.
Displacer transmitters are mounted to meet the requirements of the application and do not require a connection at the bottom of the tank.
Installation Cost
While DP transmitters have a lower unit cost, adding ancillary components such as tubing and heat tracing can quickly "level" the installation cost playing field. Furthermore, don't discount the time cost savings when setting up, calibrating and re-calibrating displacer transmitters.
Temperature Range
DP transmitters have a normal operating temperature of up to 250°F, with an upper limit of 650°F when special options are specified.
Displacer transmitter can be used up to 850°F, very helpful particularly with level measurement in a hot oil separator application.
There are many options and variants to accommodate industrial level applications. Share your level application challenges with instrumentation specialists, leveraging your own knowledge and experience with their product application expertise to develop the most effective solution.
Cashco / Valve Concepts Model 3100 Packing Material Removal and Weight Installation Instructions
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| Valve Concepts Model 3100 |
The Model 3100 end-of-line conservation breather vent is designed for use on atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks where pressure and vacuum relief is required.
How it Works
Weight loaded pallets in the vent housing allow the intake of air and the escape of vapors as the tank breathes due to thermal changes and product movement in and out of the tank. The pallets open and close to permit in breathing and out breathing necessary to maintain the tank pressure within permissible limits to avoid damage to the tank.
Paperless + Wireless Process Control Recorder
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| Paperless and Wireless Yokogawa GX20W |
High sampling speed of multiple inputs that can be configured to accommodate a range of input signals, along with data storage, network communications and programmable alarm outputs power up the usefulness of these instruments for monitoring and documenting process operation. Many utilize touch sensitive screens, eliminating any buttons or keys on the operator panel.
Some of the great features available on today's paperless recorders:
- Multiple channels of input
- Start/stop recording by batch, and create data files
- Ample internal memory
- Creation of template-based Excel spreadsheets
- Custom display function
- Historical data with date and time calendar search function
- Ethernet interface
- PROFIBUS-DP and EtherNet/IP protocols
- Dust and splash-proof front panel
- Front panel door lock and login function
Wireless Seals the Deal
Wireless technology is a serious contributor in the effort to improve plant efficiency, lower risk, and increase productivity. Wireless recorders are now available for monitoring virtual all process variables such as pressure, temperature, level, and flow (plus many more). The use of wireless recorders provides a compelling argument when you consider installation cost savings and convenience. Savings estimates as high as 70% are realized when compared to the cost using cables for the same application.
There are many options and variants to accommodate every conceivable process control application. Share your data acquisition and process monitoring challenges with instrumentation specialists, leveraging your own knowledge and experience with their product application expertise to develop an effective solution.
For more information on paperless recorders, contact Miller Energy by visiting https://millerenergy.com or calling 908-755-6700 in NJ or 610-363-6200 in PA.
Pressure Switches - The Stalwart of Pressure Instrumentation
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| Pressure switch in an explosion-proof housing. (United Electric) |
In heavy industry, pressure switches are used in virtually every power plant, refinery, chemical plant, paper mill, steel mill, or other manufacturing plant that blends ingredients.
Pressure switches are simple devices. They can be broken down to their major parts: a pressure port or connection; a sensor that moves in relationship to changing pressures; an electrical or pneumatic switch that opens or closes upon movement; and finally a housing that protect the internals of the pressure switch from the ambient conditions.
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| Differential pressure switch. (United Electric) |
One of the earliest and most common designs of pressure switch was the bourdon tube pressure sensor accompanied by a mercury switch. A mercury switch is a position sensitive glass bulb containing mercury that flows over, or away from, the electrical contacts. When pressure is applied, the bourdon tube attempts to straighten, and moves enough to slightly tilt the mercury switch. Many of these kind of pressure switches were sold on steam boilers, and while they became a de facto standard, they were sensitive to vibration and breakage of the mercury bulb.
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| NO vs. NC electrical switch contacts. |
One of the criteria of any pressure switch is the deadband or (reset pressure differential). This setting determines the amount of pressure change required to reset the switch to its normal state after it has tripped. The “differential” pressure of a pressure switch should not to be confused with differential pressure switch, which actually measures the difference in pressure between two separate pressure ports.
When selecting pressure switches you must consider the electrical requirements (volts, amps, AC or DC), the area classification (hazardous, non-hazardous, general purpose, water-tight), pressure sensing range, body materials that will be exposed to ambient contaminants, and wetted materials (parts that are exposed to the process media).
It's always a good idea to discuss your application with an expert before specifying or installing a pressure switch. You'll end up saving time and money, and ensure long, safe operation.
For more information on pressure switches, contact Miller Energy by visiting https://millerenergy.com or by calling one of these numbers: In New Jersey 908-755-6700. In Pennsylvania 610-363-6200.
Miller Energy - Industrial Instrumentation & Process Control Equipment
Miller Energy is a Manufacturer's Representative and Distributor of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control Equipment. Since 1958, we have been committed to exceeding our customers expectations by providing an unparalleled level of customer service and local technical support. We offer the most comprehensive line of measurement, control, and communication solutions in the Industry today. The products we represent solve challenging applications in the Industrial Gas, Power, Refining, Chemical / Petro-Chemical, Food & Beverage, Water/Wastewater, and Pharmaceutical markets.
NJ 908-755-6700
PA 610-363-6200
Bimetal Thermometers for Industrial Process Measurement
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| Bimetal thermometers have a place in modern process measurement systems. Image courtesy Wika |
Though there are many instruments and technologies available to measure temperature, one that everyone is familiar with is the dial thermometer. A familiar numeric scale and a pointer indicate the temperature at the sensing location. Even within the product range of dial thermometers, there are several differing methods utilized to produce a temperature reading. One of these is the bimetal thermometer.
A bimetallic thermometer is named for the mechanism that responds to process temperature and provides the force to position the indicator needle over the scale on the dial face. A bimetal is formed from two dissimilar metals bonded together. The metals expand and contract at different rates in response to a change in their temperature. A bimetal thermometer relies on the predictable deformation of a bimetal spring or strip in response to a temperature change. The mechanical deformation is transformed into rotational movement of the indicating needle on the instrument face where the corresponding temperature can be read by a technician or operator. This design principle has been in use throughout laboratories, kitchens, and industry for many years and has proven to be predictably accurate, stable, and rugged.
The major advantages of the bimetallic thermometer are its relative cost, ease of use, and ability to function without any external power source. This class of instruments provides operability up to +1000°F.
When applying dial faced thermometers, there are several main considerations.
- Scale - The display behind the indicating pointer. The scale divisions impact the instrument's accuracy at indicating process temperature.
- Range - The physical suitability of the instrument to be exposed to the temperatures which may be present in the process. May be the same as scale.
- Dial Size - Larger diameter dial faces make reading the instrument indications easier.
- Connection - There are numerous options for the way in which the probe or stem, which is inserted into the process, attaches to the dial portion or head of the instrument. Common arrangements are back, side, or bottom connected. If the head cannot be rotated or angled, the connection attributes may be the sole determinant of how the dial face is oriented.
- Stem Length - The stem extends from the head into the process. Coordinating the stem length with the insertion depth into the process and the placement of the instrument is important to achieving a useful and ergonomic installation.
- Materials of Construction - Make sure the selected instrument is rugged enough to withstand expected environmental conditions at the installation site.
These are only the primary considerations. Share your operational requirements with a product specialist. Leverage your own knowledge and experience with their product application expertise to develop the optimal solution.
Guided Wave Radar - An Option for Level Measurement in Hygienic Applications
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| A special version of the Magnetrol Eclipse 705 is configured for hygienic applications. Image courtesy Magnetrol |
Measurements of a variety of process conditions are utilized to monitor and control operations and output. One general goal of measurement, other than answering the question "how much", is to avoid or minimize any interference with the process itself. A second goal is to not be fooled by the process into returning a false measurement result.
Guided wave radar (GWR), as opposed to an open style radar level measurement method, uses a probe immersed in the process media to guide high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the media being measured. While it does involve contact by the sensing instrument with the media, GWR eliminates interference from fixtures or structures that may exist within the tank or vessel. The immersion probe waveguide also attenuates the impact of media turbulence and other potential disturbances. The waveguide reduces the potential impact of elements that may adversely impact the measurement accuracy, resulting in greater accuracy and reliability of the measurements.
For hygienic applications, the transmitters are available with 304 stainless steel housings designed specifically for use in facilities with the special requirements for the wetted and non-wetted materials, process connections and surface finishes of hygienic industries. In addition to high accuracy, the GWR instrument output is not impacted by media buildup on the sensing probe.
For hygienic applications, the transmitters are available with 304 stainless steel housings designed specifically for use in facilities with the special requirements for the wetted and non-wetted materials, process connections and surface finishes of hygienic industries. In addition to high accuracy, the GWR instrument output is not impacted by media buildup on the sensing probe.
Share your level measurement challenges with process instrumentation specialists. Leverage your own process knowledge and experience with their product application expertise to develop an effective solution.
Register Early for the Yokogawa Users Conference 2018
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| The Yokogawa Users Conference for North America will be held on September 10 - 13 in Orlando, FL |
- Learn how to maximize the value of their measurement and control investment.
- View and learn about the latest products and solutions for process measurement and control.
- Interact with subject experts and Yokogawa partners.
- Network with industry peers.
- Build knowledge of best practices for particular industries and measurement and control in general.
There will be panel discussions, technical sessions, exhibits and more. The event is scheduled for September 10th through 13th, and early registration has started. Make plans to attend and build your knowledge base. You can find the registration information at the conference website, or reach out to a Yokogawa representative to find out more.
Magnetic Flow Meters
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| Magnetic flow meters can be easily applied in lined pipe sections and those of substantial diameter. Image courtesy Yokogawa |
Anywhere there are pipes, somebody wants to know how much fluid is passing through them. Industrial flow meters rely on their ability to measure the change in some physical characteristic of fluid moving within a pipe that can be related to fluid velocity or mass flow. Depending upon the nature of the raw measurement, additional information and processing may be necessary to convert the base measurement into a useful measurement of flow rate.
In the processing industries, differing technologies are used to measure fluid motion. Some common technologies include magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex shedding, Coriolis and differential pressure. This list is not exhaustive, and several other technologies will certainly be found in use. Each methodology survives within a competitive marketplace due to its unique combination of performance and value attributes. Let's look at magnetic flow meters, also referred to as magmeters.
In the processing industries, differing technologies are used to measure fluid motion. Some common technologies include magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex shedding, Coriolis and differential pressure. This list is not exhaustive, and several other technologies will certainly be found in use. Each methodology survives within a competitive marketplace due to its unique combination of performance and value attributes. Let's look at magnetic flow meters, also referred to as magmeters.
The operational principle of a magnetic flow meter is based upon Faraday’s Law. This fundamental scientific principle states that a voltage will be induced across a conductor moving at a right angle through a magnetic field, with the voltage being proportional to the velocity of the conductor. The principle allows for an inherently hard-to-measure aspect of a conductive fluid to be expressed via the magmeter. In a magmeter application, the instrument produces the magnetic field referred to in Faraday’s Law. The conductor, moving at a right angle to the magnetic field, is the fluid. The actual measurement of a magnetic flow meter is the induced voltage corresponding to fluid velocity. This can be used to determine volumetric flow and mass flow when combined with values of other fluid properties and the pipe cross sectional area. Magnetic flow meters enjoy some positive application attributes.
- Magnetic flow meters have no moving parts.
- The instrument, which often resembles a pipe section, can be lined with corrosion resistant material for use with aggressive media.
- With no sensor insertions or obstructions in the fluid path, the impact of the instrument on the flow is minimal.
- Accuracy, when compared to other technologies, is high.
- Application to laminar, turbulent, and transitional flow profiles is permissible.
- Generally, measurement is not adversely impacted by fluid viscosity, specific gravity, temperature and pressure.
- Magnetic flow meter technology can be applied to a very wide range of pipe sizes.
- Device responds rapidly to changes in fluid flow.
- Can be successfully applied to liquids containing heavy particulates.
- Generally long service life with little maintenance.
- The fluid acts as the "conductor", as stated in Faraday's Law. Magnetic flow meters only work on liquids with conductivity above a certain threshold. They may be unsuitable for use with hydrocarbons and high purity water for this reason.
- Cannot be used to measure gas flow because gases are not sufficiently conductive.
- Piping must be grounded.
- Generally, rated accuracy requires the pipe cross section to be filled by the liquid being measured.
Mass Flow Controllers for Precise Dosing
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| Mass Flow Controller - Cutaway View Image courtesy Brooks Instrument |
Thermal mass flow measurement, in basic operation, infers mass flow by measuring the heat dissipation from a heated temperature sensor and comparing it to an unheated reference temperature sensor. The heat dissipation is directly proportional to the mass flow of gas or liquid.
Thermal mass flow meters are very popular for several reasons. They have no moving parts, have a fairly unobstructed flow path, are accurate over a wide range of flow rates, calculate mass flow rather than volume, measure flow in large or small piping systems, and do not need temperature or pressure compensation.
For a process control application, accuracy and real time delivery of measurement data are key factors. Advanced smart controls with a range of communications options that will interface with a variety of devices across a choice of platforms bring high levels of functionality and ease of use to an application. For gas applications, smart technology allows one device to be applied to multiple gas types and ranges without removing the flow meter from the system. Product selection is enhanced by the availability of instruments targeted at a range of applications.
Share your flow measurement and control challenges with process measurement and control specialists. Leverage your own process knowledge and experience with their product application expertise to develop effective solutions.
Innovative Non-Contact Radar Liquid Level Transmitter
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| Pulsar R86 non-contact radar level transmitter. Image courtesy Magnetrol |
Magnetrol, globally recognized innovator in flow and level measurement, incorporates years of experience into their latest version of non-contact radar level measuring instruments. The incremental improvements contribute to easier, more flexible installation and better performance.
The R86 is a 26 GHz level transmitter applicable across a wide range of requirements in many industries. Benefits of the 26 GHz radar signal, with its smaller wavelength, are a smaller antenna and improved 1mm resolution. The narrower beam from the antenna makes positioning the transmitter less restrictive, with easier accommodation for vessel fixtures or geometry. Advanced on board diagnostics supplement the improved performance and deliver the information needed to maintain proper operation and process visualization. A broad range of antennas and mountings are available for the R86, accommodating various tank sizes, fittings, and temperatures
More information on the Pulsar R86 is provided in the brochure included below. Share your level measurement challenges and requirements with a process measurement specialist. Employ the leverage of their product application expertise to your own process knowledge and experience to develop an effective solution.
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