A blog specializing in pressure, temperature, level and flow instrumentation, control valves, process analyzers, and all other areas of process measurement. Courtesy of Miller Energy, a New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio process instrumentation Rep and Distributor.
What is Refractometer Critical Angle Measurement?
Brooks Instrument GP200 Pressure-based Mass Flow Controllers (MFC): Theory of Operation
- An upstream pressure transducer.
- An upstream control valve.
- Two individual pressure transducers.
- Laminar flow element.
GP200 FEATURES
- True differential pressure measurement
- Lower inlet pressure operation
- Downstream valve architecture
- Matched transient response
- Zero Leak-by Control Valve
- MultiFlo™ technology offers unparalleled flexibility—one device can be programmed for thousands of different gas and flow range configurations without removing the MFC from the gas line or compromising accuracy
- Local display indicates flow, temperature, pressure and network address
- DeviceNet™, EtherCAT®, RS-485 L-Protocol and analog interfaces
GP200 BENEFITS
- By removing the requirement to match and compensate two separate pressure transducers, the GP200 differential pressure technology reduces measurement uncertainty for enhanced accuracy, repeatability and drift performance.
- Safer fab operation at lower inlet pressures is now achievable with a P-MFC due to the GP200 differential pressure sensor that is specifically optimized for low differential pressure measurement.
- The downstream valve architecture ensures accuracy is independent of downstream pressure, enabling flow delivery into pressures as high as 1200 Torr. The fast closing valve addresses non-productive recipe wait times, or "tail effects," seen in upstream MFC valve designs that require additional time to bleed down their internal volume of gas.
- Ultra-fast, highly repeatable ascending and descending flow stabilization time enables tighter process control in advanced high cycle Deposition and Etch processes.
- 100X improvement in valve shut-down
- With MultiFlo™, MFC full scale flow range can be re-scaled down typically by a factor of 3:1 with no impact on accuracy, turndown or leak by specifications, for optimum process and inventory flexibility
- Convenient user display and independent diagnostic/service port aids device installation, monitoring and troubleshooting
Miller Energy Is a Premier Manufacturer's Representative and Distributor of Process Instrumentation, Valves and Process Equipment
Miller Energy provides a wide range of instrumentation and control solutions to many markets, including refining, water treatment, chemical production, and food and beverage. Miller's products are useful in applications that require measuring, controlling, monitoring, and analyzing pressure, temperature, level, flow, pH, O2, CO2, and various other process variables.
Miller Energy comprises the most technically savvy salespeople in the industry. All Field Sales Engineers are factory trained on all of our product lines. All Inside Sales/Technical Support Engineers are responsible for a specific product line and support our entire customer base. Intelligent geographic product distribution provides the most timely delivery for greater customer satisfaction.
Miller Energy has four office locations:
- The South Plainfield, NJ, corporate headquarters serves Northern New Jersey, New York, and Fairfield County, Connecticut.
- The Exton, PA office serves Southern New Jersey, Eastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland.
- The Pittsburgh, PA location serves Western Pennsylvania, Western Maryland, and West Virginia.
- The Cleveland, OH office serves Ohio.
Miller Energy, Inc.
In New York Metro and Northern NJ
Phone: 800-631-5454
In Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware:
Phone: 610-363-6200
In Western Pennsylvania:
Phone: 412-257-0200
In Ohio:
Phone: 440-735-0100
Selecting Variable Area Flow Meters for Process Flow Measurement
Many industrial processes involve the movement of fluid product components, either liquid or gaseous, through pipes. Because processing is about control, an input to the facility's management, measurement, or data logging centers will answer the query, "How much is going through that pipe?"
In the industrial process measurement and control industry, there are several ways for quantifying flow, each with unique characteristics that may be useful under certain operating situations. All flow measuring methods are indirect because the actual measurement is of a character influenced predictably by a change in the media flow. Flow measurement is a critical component that, when paired with other fluid properties, is used to calculate the total mass of a fluid passing through the measurement site.
The variable area meter, commonly known as a rotameter and VA meter, is a tried and true flow measuring device that operates by creating an equilibrium between an upward force created by fluid motion and a downward force, gravity. A tapering glass or metal tube encases a specifically shaped float, also known as a shaped weight, in the device. VA meters must be positioned vertically, with the media flowing upward from the bottom, so that the gravity force required for functioning is correctly aligned with the flow direction. As fluid flows upward via the precisely tapered tube, drag is created on the float enclosed within the tube, pulling it upward. As the float rises, the open space between the float and the tube wall expands, causing the fluid velocity and drag force to decrease. The flow velocity within the tube will cause the weight to climb for any given flow volume until the drag force generated by the flow reaches equilibrium with the countervailing power of gravity on the float. The tube and float are well designed, allowing for an immediate indication of flow volume.
Variable area flowmeters have the following operating characteristics:
- There is no need for external power or fuel for functioning.
- Vertical installation is required, with flow arriving at the bottom.
- Meters are calibrated to a given chemical and temperature.
- The operation is stable and has a modest pressure drop.
- For operation, constant gravity is required.
- Flow rate can be read locally using a meter or a scale inscribed on the tube.
- The visibility of the float through the medium is required for unit flow readings using glass tubes.
- For industrial flow metering equipment, accuracy is relatively low.
- Inexpensive upkeep, simple construction, and low comparative cost.
Brooks Instrument, a world-renowned maker of flow, pressure, and level measurement equipment, created a brief paper highlighting the parameters to consider when specifying a VA meter and how each aspect influences the unit's performance. The description is realistic and straightforward to grasp. It is suggested reading for all process stakeholders who want to improve their flow measuring skills.
For more information about variable area flow meters contact Miller Energy. Call 800-631-5454 or visit https://millerenergy.com.
Process Refractometers for Water Treatment Chemical Concentration Monitoring
INTRODUCTION
Pure water treatment removes undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from raw water. Water purification aims to produce water for a specific purpose, such as human consumption and medical or industrial use.
Polyaluminium coagulants are increasing use in potable water treatment plants, particularly for soft, colored surface waters. Polyaluminium chloride (PACl) is gradually replacing Alum (aluminum sulfate), a commonly used coagulant in water treatment plants. Alum coagulates at a limited pH range (between 5.5 and 6.5) and often requires alkali to the raw water to achieve the optimum coagulation pH. Furthermore, the alum floc produced is particularly fragile, which is vital if a coagulant is required to maximize color removal in a microfiltration-based water treatment process.
APPLICATION
Water treatment by chemical precipitation is a complex process. It starts with adding flocculants, specifically, Polyaluminium Chloride (PACl) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). PACl is a synthetic polymer dissolved in water. It precipitates in big volumetric flocs, which absorb suspended pollutants in the raw water. The turbidity of the raw water defines Polyaluminium Chloride quantity. PACl concentration must be higher than 10 % To keep the flocculation process smooth. Polyaluminium Chloride is stable in the storage tank; however, it tends to crystallize after some time. Vaisala K-PATENTS® refractometer monitors the concentration of PACl to inform about the need for tank or pipe cleaning, thus preventing blockage caused by the PACl crystals.
NaOH regulates pH level, increases alkalinity, and neutralizes acids in the water. In alkaline water, the coagulation and flocculation processes work more effectively. Moreover, sufficient alkalinity prevents dissolving the lead from pipes and pipe fittings and reduces the corrosive effect of the water to iron pipes.
Further, particles suspended in water start to precipitate and agglomerate to form larger particles, known as flocs. The flocs are then settled at the bottom, forming sludge, and then removed from the process. After separating most of the floc, the remaining suspended particles and unsettled floc get filtered to remove water.
In the filtration phase, the water goes through the layers of anthracite, sand, and gravel. As a result, organic compounds contributing to taste and odor get removed. Other remaining particles get trapped by adhering to the sand and gravel particles.
After harmful micro-organisms get removed through filtering, it is necessary to add disinfecting chemicals to the water to inactivate any remaining pathogens and potentially harmful micro-organisms. One of the disinfecting chemicals used is Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl). When dissolved in water, this chemical releases chlorine, which is an efficient and safe disinfectant if added in a sufficient amount. Apart from sodium hypochlorite, liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide are also choices as disinfectants.
Fluoride may also be added to the water to reduce tooth decay and prevent chronic diseases. However, fluoride in the water must not exceed recommended levels. Excessive levels of fluoride can be toxic or cause undesirable cosmetic effects such as staining of teeth.
Sodium Hypochlorite is unstable and quickly decomposes. The stability of NaOCl solution is dependent on the following factors:
- Hypochlorite concentration
- The temperature of the solution
- PH value of the solution
- The concentration of the impurities during catalyzing decomposition
- Exposure to light
With the process refractometer, it is possible to monitor NaOCl concentration and control the disinfection conditions.
The water purification disinfection stage happens in the disinfectant basin. Then, corrosion control assures the high quality of the purified water. Finally, the pure water gets stored for further consumption.
INSTRUMENTATION AND INSTALLATION
Vaisala K-PATENTS® Teflon Body Refractometer PR-23-M provides in-line measurements of Polyaluminium Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide at the initial stage of purification, ensuring the efficient flocculation of undesired particles. In addition, through the measurement of Sodium Hypochlorite and Fluoride at the water disinfection stage, high-quality purified water at the outlet is assured.
Refractometer installations happen in three different points in a by-pass loop between each chemical tank pump outlet and the treatment point. The refractometer allows monitoring the chemicals concentration at the exit from the storage tank to the pipe treatment point.
Typical measurement ranges are:
- PACl is ca. 10-11 %
- NaOH is ca. 40-45 %
- NaOCl is ca. 8-12 %
https://millerenergy.com
800-631-5454
How Does a 250:1 Turndown Improve Your Bioprocess Performance?
Understanding Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Nothing is more important than safety to the process control industries. High temperature and pressure, flammable and toxic materials are just some of the issues faced on a daily basis. Reliability is a key component of safety; the more reliable the device, the safer the critical process.
Safety integrity level (SIL) is defined as "relative level of risk-reduction provided by a safety function, or to specify a target level of risk reduction." SIL ratings are applied in accordance of frequency and the severity of the hazard. These ratings determine the level of performance required to achieve and maintain safety, as well as the probability of failure.
There are four SIL levels; SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3, and SIL 4. These SIL levels relate to the risk of failure - a higher the SIL rating poses a higher risk of failure, in turn requiring stricter safety requirements.
Magnetrol, a leading manufacturer of innovative level, flow and volume controls for the process industries has put together this excellent technical note to help you better understand Safety Integrity Level.
Miller Energy, Inc.
https://millerenergy.com
800-631-5454
Don’t Let Valves Come Between You and Accurate Flow Measurement
Getting valves and flow meters to work together is sometimes a challenging task within industrial water and wastewater applications. Valves tend to create the kind of irregular media flow patterns in pipelines that make it a real challenge to achieve accurate flow measurement of liquids, gas or steam. That’s why many types of popular liquid flow meters require straight pipe runs.
Unfortunately, the nature of the process or the kind of space required for long straight runs of pipe is often an impossible luxury in many of today’s plants.
How Valves Create Flow Disturbances
Depending on a pipeline’s flowing media (liquid, gas or steam), the process pressures and the process temperatures, the fluid flow dynamics within a pipeline can vary widely. The ideal pipeline configuration for the accurate measurement of flow with nearly all of the industry’s most popular flow sensors is a straight pipe with consistent media conditions Many processes by their very nature, however, tend to be unstable and create irregular flows within a pipeline all by themselves.
Plant layouts, especially expansions and retrofits, also tend to create less than optimum pipeline conditions for the measurement of flow. The addition of valves, pumps, elbows and other equipment into the pipeline create media swirling and other effects that can result in irregular flow profiles that will reduce flow meter measurement accuracy and repeatability. That’s why many flow meter manufacturers recommend anywhere from 5 to 10 or even 20 to 30 pipe diameters of straight pipe run upstream and downstream of the flow meter—depending on the flow sensing technology in use.
Flow Straightening and Conditioning
While the simple solution is to know your flow meter and its straight pipe run requirements to achieve accurate, consistent measurement, this is often easier said than done. Today’s complex and ever changing industrial processes, the need to treat and conserve water, crowded plant environments where real estate is precious, regulatory requirements and the team involved in running any plant can mean that your valve or elbow inevitably intrudes on your flow meter’s turf. Many times the first sign of the problem is when the flow meter isn’t reading the flow accurately. By then changing the pipeline layout or moving other devices such as valves is impractical and too costly.
Flow straighteners and conditioners offer an answer to this problem. There are several different types of flow straighteners and conditioners, including perforated plates, tube bundles, etc. The purpose of all flow straighteners and conditioners is to eliminate swirl and provide a stable velocity flow profile. Of course the ideal time to think about flow conditioning is before the flow meter is installed so that the flow conditioner and flow meter can be calibrated to work together. One drawback to add-on flow conditioners and straighteners is that they increase head loss.
Flow Meters With Built-In Conditioning
Another solution to consider is the installation of a flow meter with built-in flow conditioning. This type of solution offers the advantages of installation flexibility, reduced equipment, simplified installation with potentially fewer pipe penetrations and reduced maintenance requirements. Several manufacturers offer flow meters that include built-in flow conditioning. For example, McCrometer’s V-Cone Flow Meter is a differential-pressure sensing meter with integral flow conditioning that operates within liquids, gas or steam.
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McCrometer’s V-Cone Flow Meter |
The cone’s central position in the line optimizes the velocity of the liquid flow at the point of measurement. It forms very short vortices as the flow passes the cone. These short vortices create a low amplitude, high frequency signal for excellent signal stability. The result is a highly stable flow profile for measurement accuracy to +0.5% with +0.1% repeatability over a wide flow range of 10:1. All of this is possible with a minimal straight pipe run of 0 to 3 diameters upstream and 0 to 1 diameters downstream from the flow meter depending upon placement from valves and other control devices.
Conclusions
Getting accurate flow measurement with valves, pumps, and other equipment in relatively close proximity is difficult, but achievable. The ideal way to achieve accurate and repeatable flow measurement within industrial water and wastewater applications is to recognize in advance the straight pipe run requirements of the flow sensing technology in use at your plant. When the process, the plant layout or other factors lead to swirl in your pipeline that affects meter performance, then consider either flow conditioners or a flow meter with built-in flow conditioning.
Attribution: Original white paper written by Jim Panek, Product Manager, Water & Wastewater, McCrometer, Inc.
How Do Magnetic Level Indicators Work?

The Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI) working principle is widely used in many industrial level applications. The operating principle behind a magnetic level indicator is that the MLI shares the same process fluid as the vessel, and therefore shares the same level.
The three primary components to a Magnetic Level Indicator are:
- The float
- The chamber
- The visual indicator


Utilizing a combination of proven buoyancy principles along with the benefits magnetism, MLIs can be customized to fit virtually any process connection arrangement on the vessel.
The chamber and magnetic float is available in a variety of materials and pressure ratings to accommodate the wide variety of complex process applications present in the world’s major industrial facilities.
Areas Where Magnetic Level Indicator Are Applied:
- Feed water heaters and boilers
- Refinery and chemical industries
- Energy and power plant technology
- Pulp and paper applications
- Oil and gas industries
- Gas plants
- Pipeline compressor applications
- Pharmaceutical applications
- Food and beverage applications
For more information about Magnetic Level Indicators (MLI's), contact Miller Energy by calling 800-631-5454 or visit their web site at https://millerenergy.com.
Process Instrumentation and Valves for the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries
Miller Energy provides process control instruments and valves designed to assist in higher quality yields, more efficient processes, and greater plant safety for chemical processing and petrochemical refining manufacturing facilities.
The Chemical Industry
The chemical industry is key to industrial production. It transforms the raw materials of animals, vegetables and minerals into a host of products used by both the industrial and domestic customers. Lightweight and durable plastic products contribute to fuel effectiveness in transportation, energy-saving insulation material in buildings, paints and protective coatings that extend metal and wood life, soap, shampoo and detergents maintain us clean, pharmaceuticals and disinfectants protect our health. Without vital chemicals, computers and telecommunications systems could not work.
The industry has matured using local resources such as salt, coal, lime, vegetable products and animal fats. It is now a worldwide sector that mainly uses natural gas and oil fractions such as naphtha as the main raw materials. There is a strong awareness of the need to substitute fossil resources both as raw materials and for process energy with sustainable options.
The Petrochemical Manufacturing Industry
The sector produces petrochemicals which are petroleum and natural gas chemicals (organic compounds not burned as fuel). Ethylene, propylene, butylene, benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, ethyl benzene and cumene are key products. These products are fundamental construction blocks in the manufacturing of consumer products, automotive parts and numerous sustainable and unsustainable goods. These products are fundamental construction blocks in the manufacturing of consumer products, automotive parts and numerous durable goods. This sector does not include organic compounds such as ethyl alcohol and inorganic chemicals such as carbon black.
Olefins and aromatics constitute the building blocks of a large variety of products, including solvents, detergents and adhesives. Polymers and oligomers used in plastics, resins, fibers, elastomers, lubricants and gels are built upon olefins.
Miller Energy: Chemical and Petrochemical Instrumentation and Valve Experts
Miller Energy offers a broad range of instrumentation and valves for these diverse markets. Since 1958, Miller Energy, Inc. has exceeded customers expectations in the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries by specifying and providing the highest quality instrumentation and valves. Known for unparalleled customer service and local technical support, Miller's comprehensive line of pressure, temperature, level, flow and analytical products are available now and ready to solve your most challenging chemical and petrochemical applications.
Contact the Miller Energy office in your area by visiting this web page, or call 800-631-5454 for further assistance.
Installing the ASCO 212 Series Composite Valve Using the FasN Connection System
The ASCO series 212 composite valve is intended for use in applications for water purification and water treatment, especially in the implementation of the membrane-based filtration. The composite valve series 212 is perfect for use in mid-size Reverse Osmosis Systems apps requiring lead-free and NSF-approved construction. The series 212 composite valves are available in 3/8", 1/2", 3/4", and 1" pipe sizes rated for pressures up to 150 PSIG and 180 degrees F.
The video above demonstrates how to install the series 212 using the patented ASCO FasN system for NPT threaded connections, turn and lock connections, and solvent bond connections.
For more information, contact Miller Energy Inc. by calling 800-631-5454 or visit their web site at https://millerenergy.com.
Refractometry in Oil Refining and the Petrochemical Industry: Sulfuric Acid Alkylation
- Alkylate (premium higher-octane gasoline blending stock for motor fuel and aviation gasoline).
Introduction
Motor fuel alkylation using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or liquid hydrofluoric acid (HF) is one of the oldest catalytic processes used in petroleum refining. The purpose of the alkylation is to improve motor and aviation gasoline properties (higher octane) with up to 90 % lower emissions compared to conventional fuel usage.
Instrumentation and installation

The K-Patents Process Refractometer System for Alkylation Acid Measurement Consists of:
- The K-Patents Process Refractometer PR-43 for hazardous locations in Zone 2. or The K-Patents PR-43 Intrinsically Safe model for installations in hazardous locations up to Zone 0.
- Optional parts:
- Different flow cell options for easy sensor installation
- EXd enclosure for easy isolator and transmitter mounting
- Parts for a start up
- Spare parts supplied for two years of operation
- Start-up and commissioning service
- User specified tests and documentation.
Non-sparking incentive (Ex nA) and intrinsic safety (Ex ia) approvals are available for hazardous area installations.
Always consult an applications expert with any process-critical instrumentation application. By doing so, you will ensure a successful, safe, and efficient deployment.
Miller Energy, Inc.
https://millerenergy.com
800-631-5454
Reprinted with permission from K-Patents.
Hazardous Areas: Division and Zone Classification System
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Hazards areas are associated with flammable vapors or gases, ignitable fibers, and combustible dusts. |
Different hazardous area classifications exist in the North America and Europe. Generally, the National Electric Code (NEC) classifications govern hazardous areas in the US. While in Europe, hazardous area classification has been specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Below is a description of the Division and Zone classification system.
CLASS
|
NATURE
OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
|
CLASS I
|
Hazardous area due the presence of flammable vapors or gases
in sufficient quantities to produce ignitable mixtures and cause
an explosion.
Examples include
natural gas and liquified petroleum.
|
CLASS II
|
Hazardous area due the presence of conductive or combustible
dusts in sufficient quantities to produce ignitable mixtures
and cause an explosion.
Examples include
aluminum and magnesium powders.
|
CLASS III
|
Hazardous area due the presence of flammable fibers
or other flying debris that collect around lighting fixtures,
machinery, and other areas in sufficient quantities to produce
ignitable mixtures and cause an explosion.
Examples include
sawdust and flyings
|
Division groups hazardous areas based on the chances of an explosion due to the presence of flammable materials in the area.
DIVISION
|
LIKELIHOOD
OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
|
DIVISION 1
|
Areas where there is
a high chance of an explosion due to hazardous material that is
present periodically, intermittently, or continuously under normal
operation.
|
DIVISION 2
|
Areas where there is
a low chance of an explosion under normal operation.
|
Group categorizes areas based on the type of flammable or ignitable materials in the environment. As per NEC guidelines, Groups A to D classify gasses while Groups E to G classify dust and flying debris.
GROUP
|
TYPE
OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN THE AREA
|
GROUP A
|
Acetylene.
|
GROUP B
|
Area contains flammable gas, liquid, or liquid produced vapor with
any of the following characteristics:
Examples include hydrogen, ethylene oxide, acrolein, propylene
oxide.
|
GROUP C
|
Area contains flammable gas, liquid, or liquid produced vapor with
any of the following characteristics:
Examples include carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, ether,
cyclopropane, morphline, acetaldehyde, isoprene, and ethylene.
|
GROUP D
|
Area contains flammable gas, liquid, or liquid produced vapor with
any of the following characteristics:
Examples include ammonia, gasoline, butane, benzene, hexane,
ethanol, methane, methanol, natural gas, propane, naphtha, and
vinyl chloride.
|
GROUP E
|
Area contains metal dusts such as magnesium, aluminum, chromium,
bronze, titanium, zinc, and other combustible dusts whose
abrasiveness, size, and conductivity present a hazard.
|
GROUP F
|
Area contains
carbonaceous dusts such as charcoal, coal black, carbon black,
coke dusts and others that present an explosion hazard.
|
GROUP G
|
Area contains combustible dusts not classified in Groups E and F.
Examples include
starch, grain, flour, wood, plastic, sugar, and chemicals.
|
NOTE: This post serves only as a guide to acquaint the reader with hazardous area classifications in the USA. It is imperative to discuss your instrumentation, valve, or process equipment requirement with a qualified applications expert prior to installing any electrical device inside of any hazardous area.
6 Benefits of Using Wireless Networking Systems in Industrial Applications

Here is an overview of some of the value-added benefits of adopting wireless networking in industrial plants.
- Reduced Installation Costs - Savings in installation costs is the key benefit of a wireless networking system. The cost of installing a wireless solution is significantly lower as compared to its wired counterpart. Installing a wireless network requires less planning. Extensive surveys are not required to route the wires to control rooms. This reduced installation cost is the main reason industrial setups should consider going wireless instead of having a wired networking system.
- Improved Information Accuracy - Adopting wireless networking also results in improved accuracy of information. The wireless system is not prone to interferences. As a result, the system ensures consistent and timely transfer of information from one node to another.
- Enhanced Flexibility - Enhanced flexibility is another reason for deploying wireless networking solutions in an industrial setting. Additional points can be awarded easily in an incremental manner. The wireless system can also integrate with legacy systems without any issues.
- Operational Efficiencies - Migrating to wireless networking can help in improving operational efficiencies as well. Plant managers can troubleshoot and diagnose issues more easily. The system facilitates predictive maintenance by allowing the monitoring of remote assets.
- Human Safety - Another critical factor that should influence the decision to migrate to wireless networking is the human safety factor. Wireless technologies allow safer operations, reducing exposure to harmful environments. For instance, a wireless system can be used in taking a reading and adjusting valves without having to go to the problematic area to take measurements. With wireless networking systems, readings can be taken more frequently that can help in early detection and reduction of possible incidents.
- Efficient Information Transfer - Another advantage is that the time required to reach a device is reduced. This results in a more efficient transfer of information between network segments that are geographically separated. The industry wireless networking standards use IP addresses to allow remote access to data from field devices.
For more information on wireless technologies in industrial settings, contact Miller Energy by visiting https://millerenergy.com or by calling 800-631-5454.